{"id":1452,"date":"2026-07-23T07:41:16","date_gmt":"2026-07-23T07:41:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.packtests.com\/?post_type=standard&#038;p=1452"},"modified":"2026-07-23T07:41:17","modified_gmt":"2026-07-23T07:41:17","slug":"iso-1974","status":"publish","type":"standard","link":"https:\/\/www.packtests.com\/cs\/standard\/iso-1974\/","title":{"rendered":"ISO 1974"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">O\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1 se, \u017ee pap\u00edrov\u00e9 v\u00fdrobky vydr\u017e\u00ed manipulaci, zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed, p\u0159epravu i kone\u010dn\u00e9 pou\u017eit\u00ed, ani\u017e by do\u0161lo k neo\u010dek\u00e1van\u00e9mu roztr\u017een\u00ed. <strong>ISO 1974<\/strong> poskytuje mezin\u00e1rodn\u011b uzn\u00e1van\u00fd postup pro stanoven\u00ed <strong>zkou\u0161ka odolnosti pap\u00edru proti roztr\u017een\u00ed<\/strong> s vyu\u017eit\u00edm syst\u00e9mu zalo\u017een\u00e9ho na kyvadle <strong>Metoda zkou\u0161ky odolnosti proti roztr\u017een\u00ed podle Elmendorfa<\/strong>. Tato norma umo\u017e\u0148uje v\u00fdrobc\u016fm, zpracovatel\u016fm, laborato\u0159\u00edm a odborn\u00edk\u016fm na zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed kvality posoudit, jak snadno se p\u0159edem na\u0159ezan\u00fd list pap\u00edru d\u00e1le trh\u00e1 za kontrolovan\u00fdch podm\u00ednek.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A\u0165 u\u017e se jedn\u00e1 o v\u00fdrobu obalov\u00e9ho pap\u00edru, tiskov\u00e9ho pap\u00edru, etiket, substr\u00e1t\u016f pro l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 obaly nebo speci\u00e1ln\u00edch pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch pap\u00edr\u016f, pochopen\u00ed <strong>ISO 1974<\/strong> pom\u00e1h\u00e1 v\u00fdrobc\u016fm udr\u017eovat st\u00e1lou kvalitu v\u00fdrobk\u016f, optimalizovat v\u00fdb\u011br materi\u00e1l\u016f a spl\u0148ovat po\u017eadavky z\u00e1kazn\u00edk\u016f na v\u00fdkonnost. Tato p\u0159\u00edru\u010dka vysv\u011btluje principy zkou\u0161en\u00ed, postupy, oblasti pou\u017eit\u00ed, interpretaci v\u00fdsledk\u016f a aspekty t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se vybaven\u00ed z praktick\u00e9ho laboratorn\u00edho hlediska.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Co je norma ISO 1974?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>ISO 1974<\/strong> stanovuje standardizovanou metodu pro stanoven\u00ed odolnosti pap\u00edru proti roztr\u017een\u00ed m\u011b\u0159en\u00edm s\u00edly pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 k prodlou\u017een\u00ed existuj\u00edc\u00edho trhliny o stanovenou vzd\u00e1lenost.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Na rozd\u00edl od zkou\u0161ky tahem, p\u0159i kter\u00e9 se m\u011b\u0159\u00ed odolnost proti p\u0159etr\u017een\u00ed p\u0159i nep\u0159etr\u017eit\u00e9m ta\u017een\u00ed, <strong>zkou\u0161ka odolnosti pap\u00edru proti roztr\u017een\u00ed<\/strong> hodnot\u00ed schopnost materi\u00e1lu odol\u00e1vat zv\u011bt\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed ji\u017e existuj\u00edc\u00edho z\u00e1\u0159ezu. Jeliko\u017e mnoho p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f po\u0161kozen\u00ed pap\u00edru za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 pr\u00e1v\u011b mal\u00fdmi z\u00e1\u0159ezy, po\u0161kozen\u00edm okraj\u016f nebo perforacemi, je odolnost proti roztr\u017een\u00ed \u010dasto lep\u0161\u00edm ukazatelem skute\u010dn\u00e9 trvanlivosti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tato norma p\u0159eb\u00edr\u00e1 osv\u011bd\u010den\u00fd <strong>Metoda zkou\u0161ky odolnosti proti roztr\u017een\u00ed podle Elmendorfa<\/strong>, p\u016fvodn\u011b vyvinut\u00fd Arminem Elmendorfem, kter\u00fd i nad\u00e1le pat\u0159\u00ed k celosv\u011btov\u011b nejv\u00edce uzn\u00e1van\u00fdm metod\u00e1m pro pap\u00edr a pru\u017en\u00e9 plo\u0161n\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"600\" src=\"https:\/\/www.packtests.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/ISO1974-SLD-01.webp\" alt=\"ISO 1974 SLD-01\" class=\"wp-image-1455\" style=\"width:299px;height:auto\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.packtests.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/ISO1974-SLD-01.webp 600w, https:\/\/www.packtests.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/ISO1974-SLD-01-300x300.webp 300w, https:\/\/www.packtests.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/ISO1974-SLD-01-150x150.webp 150w, https:\/\/www.packtests.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/ISO1974-SLD-01-12x12.webp 12w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Pro\u010d je odolnost proti roztr\u017een\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Odolnost proti roztr\u017een\u00ed m\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edm\u00fd vliv na vlastnosti v\u00fdrobku b\u011bhem v\u00fdroby i p\u0159i pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u00fdrobci se spol\u00e9haj\u00ed na <strong>ISO 1974<\/strong> testov\u00e1n\u00ed na:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Sn\u00ed\u017eit po\u010det selh\u00e1n\u00ed bal\u00edk\u016f<\/strong> b\u011bhem p\u0159epravy<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Zv\u00fd\u0161it \u00fa\u010dinnost konverze<\/strong> na vysokorychlostn\u00edch v\u00fdrobn\u00edch link\u00e1ch<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Optimalizovat slo\u017een\u00ed pap\u00edru<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Ov\u011b\u0159it konzistentnost dodavatel\u016f<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Porovnejte r\u016fzn\u00e9 druhy pap\u00edru<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Podporovat programy zaji\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed kvality<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Splnit po\u017eadavky z\u00e1kazn\u00edk\u016f<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">U mnoha aplikac\u00ed nem\u016f\u017ee vysok\u00e1 pevnost v tahu sama o sob\u011b zabr\u00e1nit poru\u0161e, pokud je odolnost proti roztr\u017een\u00ed nedostate\u010dn\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Princip zkou\u0161ky podle metody Elmendorfovy trhac\u00ed zkou\u0161ky<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Na str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch <strong>Metoda zkou\u0161ky odolnosti proti roztr\u017een\u00ed podle Elmendorfa<\/strong> m\u011b\u0159\u00ed energii pot\u0159ebnou k dal\u0161\u00edmu trh\u00e1n\u00ed vzorku pot\u00e9, co v n\u011bm byl vytvo\u0159en po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed z\u00e1\u0159ez.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">B\u011bhem testov\u00e1n\u00ed:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>P\u0159iprav\u00ed se standardn\u00ed vzorek s p\u0159esn\u011b definovan\u00fdm p\u0159edem vy\u0159\u00edznut\u00fdm \u00fasekem.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Vzorek je upnut svisle mezi dv\u011bma \u010delistmi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Kyvadlo se uvoln\u00ed z ur\u010dit\u00e9 v\u00fd\u0161ky.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Kyvadlo \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed trhlinu po zb\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti vzorku.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Energetick\u00e9 ztr\u00e1ty vznikaj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159i trh\u00e1n\u00ed se p\u0159em\u011b\u0148uj\u00ed na odolnost proti roztr\u017een\u00ed.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Jeliko\u017e se m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed zakl\u00e1d\u00e1 na energii, a nikoli na pouh\u00e9 ta\u017en\u00e9 s\u00edle, poskytuje tato metoda vysoce opakovateln\u00e9 v\u00fdsledky p\u0159i hodnocen\u00ed kvality pap\u00edru.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Zku\u0161ebn\u00ed postup podle normy ISO 1974<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A\u010dkoli by laborato\u0159e m\u011bly v\u017edy dodr\u017eovat normu v pln\u00e9m rozsahu, obecn\u00fd postup testov\u00e1n\u00ed zahrnuje n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed kroky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. P\u0159\u00edprava vzork\u016f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Zku\u0161ebn\u00ed vzorky se na\u0159ez\u00e1vaj\u00ed na stanoven\u00e9 rozm\u011bry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Mezi kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 po\u017eadavky pat\u0159\u00ed:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Jednotn\u00e1 velikost vzork\u016f<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u010cist\u00e9 hrany<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Standardizovan\u00e9 p\u0159ed\u0159ezan\u00e9<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Spr\u00e1vn\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edprava p\u0159ed testov\u00e1n\u00edm<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pap\u00edr se p\u0159ed zkou\u0161kou obvykle nech\u00e1 p\u0159izp\u016fsobit standardn\u00edm laboratorn\u00edm atmosf\u00e9rick\u00fdm podm\u00ednk\u00e1m, aby se minimalizovaly odchylky zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 vlhkost\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. Kalibrace p\u0159\u00edstroj\u016f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">P\u0159ed testov\u00e1n\u00edm:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Vyberte odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed nosnost kyvadla<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ov\u011b\u0159it kalibraci<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Zkontrolujte nulovou polohu<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Zkontrolujte svorky<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Spr\u00e1vn\u00e1 kalibrace zaji\u0161\u0165uje p\u0159esnost m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed v pr\u016fb\u011bhu cel\u00e9ho testovac\u00edho procesu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. Upevn\u011bn\u00ed vzorku<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Vzorek je pevn\u011b upnut do <strong>Zku\u0161ebn\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pro m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed odolnosti proti roztr\u017een\u00ed typu Elmendorf<\/strong>, \u010d\u00edm\u017e se zajist\u00ed:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 vyrovn\u00e1n\u00ed<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u017d\u00e1dn\u00e9 vr\u00e1sky<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Rovnom\u011brn\u00fd up\u00ednac\u00ed tlak<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nespr\u00e1vn\u00e1 mont\u00e1\u017e m\u016f\u017ee zp\u016fsobit zna\u010dn\u00e9 chyby p\u0159i testov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. Uvoln\u011bn\u00ed kyvadla<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kyvadlo se uvol\u0148uje automaticky nebo ru\u010dn\u011b, v z\u00e1vislosti na konstrukci za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Jak se kyvadlo houp\u00e1, dokon\u010duje sv\u016fj pohyb a p\u0159itom ztr\u00e1c\u00ed kinetickou energii.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. Z\u00e1znam dat<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Zku\u0161ebn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstroj vypo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1v\u00e1 odolnost proti roztr\u017een\u00ed na z\u00e1klad\u011b nam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 energetick\u00e9 ztr\u00e1ty.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Modern\u00ed digit\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstroje automaticky poskytuj\u00ed:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Jednotliv\u00e9 v\u00fdsledky<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9 hodnoty<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Statistick\u00e9 v\u00fdpo\u010dty<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed dat<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Zpr\u00e1vy k tisku<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Typick\u00e9 testovac\u00ed parametry<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Parametr<\/th><th>Typick\u00e1 hodnota<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Zku\u0161ebn\u00ed metoda<\/td><td>Trhlina zp\u016fsoben\u00e1 kyvadlem<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Standardn\u00ed<\/td><td>ISO 1974<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Prvn\u00ed st\u0159ih<\/td><td>Standardizovan\u00fd z\u00e1\u0159ez<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>M\u011b\u0159en\u00ed<\/td><td>Energie slz<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>V\u00fdstupn\u00ed jednotky<\/td><td>mN, gf, index trh\u00e1n\u00ed (voliteln\u011b)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Vhodn\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly<\/td><td>Pap\u00edr a lepenka<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Vhodn\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>ISO 1974<\/strong> je vhodn\u00fd pro celou \u0159adu pap\u00edrov\u00fdch v\u00fdrobk\u016f, v\u010detn\u011b:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Tiskov\u00fd pap\u00edr<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Psac\u00ed pap\u00edr<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Kraftov\u00fd pap\u00edr<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Balic\u00ed pap\u00edr<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pap\u00edrov\u00fd pytel<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Kryty pap\u00edr<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Nepota\u017een\u00fd pap\u00edr<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Tk\u00e1\u0148ov\u00fd z\u00e1kladn\u00ed pap\u00edr<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Speci\u00e1ln\u00ed pr\u016fmyslov\u00fd pap\u00edr<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Sada \u0161t\u00edtk\u016f<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pap\u00edr pro l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 obaly<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Karton (v r\u00e1mci p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9ho rozsahu)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Odv\u011btv\u00ed, v nich\u017e se prov\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed zkou\u0161ky podle normy ISO 1974<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Na str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch <strong>zkou\u0161ka odolnosti pap\u00edru proti roztr\u017een\u00ed<\/strong> se \u0161iroce pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 v:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>V\u00fdroba obal\u016f<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pap\u00edrny<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Tisk\u00e1rny<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>V\u00fdroba etiket<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Balen\u00ed potravin<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Farmaceutick\u00e9 obaly<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Balen\u00ed zdravotnick\u00fdch prost\u0159edk\u016f<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Laborato\u0159e pro kontrolu kvality<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Univerzity<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>V\u00fdzkumn\u00e9 \u00fastavy<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tyto odv\u011btv\u00ed se spol\u00e9haj\u00ed na st\u00e1lou odolnost proti roztr\u017een\u00ed, aby mohly zajistit spolehlivost v\u00fdrobk\u016f a spokojenost z\u00e1kazn\u00edk\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Faktory ovliv\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed odolnost proti roztr\u017een\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Na m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed odolnosti proti roztr\u017een\u00ed m\u00e1 vliv n\u011bkolik vlastnost\u00ed materi\u00e1lu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Vlastnosti vl\u00e1ken<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Del\u0161\u00ed vl\u00e1kna obecn\u011b zvy\u0161uj\u00ed odolnost proti roztr\u017een\u00ed, proto\u017ee k jejich rozd\u011blen\u00ed je zapot\u0159eb\u00ed v\u00edce energie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Plo\u0161n\u00e1 hmotnost<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u011b\u017e\u0161\u00ed pap\u00edry se \u010dasto vyzna\u010duj\u00ed vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed odolnost\u00ed proti roztr\u017een\u00ed, i kdy\u017e v\u00fdznamnou roli hraje tak\u00e9 soudr\u017enost vl\u00e1ken.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Orientace vl\u00e1ken<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V pod\u00e9ln\u00e9m sm\u011bru (MD) a p\u0159\u00ed\u010dn\u00e9m sm\u011bru (CD) se \u010dasto vyskytuj\u00ed odli\u0161n\u00e9 hodnoty odolnosti proti roztr\u017een\u00ed, a to v d\u016fsledku uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed vl\u00e1ken b\u011bhem v\u00fdroby pap\u00edru.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Obsah vlhkosti<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Vlhkost pap\u00edru m\u00e1 v\u00fdznamn\u00fd vliv na mechanick\u00e9 vlastnosti, a proto je p\u0159ed zkou\u0161kou nezbytn\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edprava vzork\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Povrchov\u00e9 \u00fapravy<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Povlaky, laminace a chemick\u00e9 \u00fapravy mohou ovlivnit chov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159i \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed trhliny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Jak porozum\u011bt v\u00fdsledk\u016fm test\u016f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">P\u0159i interpretaci v\u00fdsledk\u016f je t\u0159eba vz\u00edt v \u00favahu zam\u00fd\u0161len\u00e9 pou\u017eit\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed odolnost proti roztr\u017een\u00ed je obecn\u011b \u017e\u00e1douc\u00ed u:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>P\u0159epravn\u00ed ta\u0161ky<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 balen\u00ed<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Balic\u00ed pap\u00edry pro n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9 pou\u017eit\u00ed<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Obaly pro l\u00e9ka\u0159skou sterilizaci<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ochrann\u00e9 pap\u00edry<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed odolnost proti roztr\u017een\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt p\u0159ijateln\u00e1 \u2013 nebo dokonce \u017e\u00e1douc\u00ed \u2013 v n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch p\u0159\u00edpadech:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Balen\u00ed s jednoduch\u00fdm otev\u00edr\u00e1n\u00edm<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>V\u00fdrobky s \u0159\u00edzen\u00fdm odtr\u017een\u00edm<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ur\u010dit\u00e9 jednor\u00e1zov\u00e9 pap\u00edrov\u00e9 v\u00fdrobky<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Laborato\u0159e \u010dasto porovn\u00e1vaj\u00ed nam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 hodnoty s:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Po\u017eadavky z\u00e1kazn\u00edka<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Historick\u00e9 \u00fadaje o produkci<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Krit\u00e9ria pro p\u0159ijet\u00ed dodavatele<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Vnit\u0159n\u00ed standardy kvality<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">P\u0159i sledov\u00e1n\u00ed konzistence v\u00fdroby m\u00e1 anal\u00fdza trend\u016f \u010dasto v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed hodnotu ne\u017e jednotliv\u00e9 m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Norma ISO 1974 ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00fdmi normami t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00edmi se odolnosti proti roztr\u017een\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Standardn\u00ed<\/th><th>Materi\u00e1l<\/th><th>Zku\u0161ebn\u00ed metoda<\/th><th>Typick\u00e9 pou\u017eit\u00ed<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>ISO 1974<\/strong><\/td><td>Pap\u00edr<\/td><td>Elmendorfovo kyvadlo<\/td><td>Kontrola kvality pap\u00edru<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>ASTM D689<\/td><td>Pap\u00edr<\/td><td>Elmendorf<\/td><td>Zkou\u0161en\u00ed pap\u00edru<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>ISO 6383-1<\/td><td>Plastov\u00e1 f\u00f3lie<\/td><td>Elmendorf<\/td><td>F\u00f3lie pro flexibiln\u00ed obaly<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>ASTM D1922<\/td><td>Plastov\u00e1 f\u00f3lie<\/td><td>Elmendorf<\/td><td>Odolnost plastov\u00e9 f\u00f3lie proti roztr\u017een\u00ed<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>ASTM D1424<\/td><td>Textil<\/td><td>Elmendorf<\/td><td>Zkou\u0161ka odolnosti tkaniny proti roztr\u017een\u00ed<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A\u010dkoli se tyto normy op\u00edraj\u00ed o stejn\u00fd z\u00e1kladn\u00ed princip kyvadla, li\u0161\u00ed se rozm\u011bry zku\u0161ebn\u00edch t\u011bles, v\u00fdpo\u010dtov\u00e9 metody i pou\u017eiteln\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">V\u00fdb\u011br p\u0159\u00edstroje pro zkou\u0161ku odolnosti proti roztr\u017een\u00ed typu Elmendorf<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u00fdb\u011br spolehliv\u00e9ho <a href=\"https:\/\/www.packtests.com\/cs\/product\/elmendorf-tearing-tester\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Zku\u0161ebn\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pro m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed odolnosti proti roztr\u017een\u00ed typu Elmendorf<\/a> je nezbytn\u00e9 pro dosa\u017een\u00ed opakovateln\u00fdch v\u00fdsledk\u016f, kter\u00e9 spl\u0148uj\u00ed normy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Mezi d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 aspekty pat\u0159\u00ed:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Vhodn\u00e9 nosnosti kyvadel<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Automatick\u00e9 uvoln\u011bn\u00ed kyvadla<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pevn\u00e9 upnut\u00ed vzorku<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Digit\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fdpo\u010det v\u00fdsledk\u016f<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Statistick\u00e1 anal\u00fdza<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ov\u011b\u0159en\u00ed kalibrace<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Mo\u017enost exportu dat<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Soulad s \u0159adou mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch norem<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Modern\u00ed laborato\u0159e st\u00e1le \u010dast\u011bji up\u0159ednost\u0148uj\u00ed po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e9 syst\u00e9my, kter\u00e9 omezuj\u00ed vliv obsluhy a z\u00e1rove\u0148 zlep\u0161uj\u00ed sledovatelnost a efektivitu vykazov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Cell Instruments SLD-01 \u2013 \u0158e\u0161en\u00ed pro zkou\u0161ku odolnosti proti roztr\u017een\u00ed typu Elmendorf<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pro laborato\u0159e, kter\u00e9 prov\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed <strong>ISO 1974<\/strong> a dal\u0161\u00ed mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed normy t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se odolnosti proti roztr\u017een\u00ed, <strong>SLD-01 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.packtests.com\/cs\/product\/elmendorf-tearing-tester\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Zku\u0161ebn\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pro odolnost proti roztr\u017een\u00ed typu Elmendorf<\/a><\/strong> Spole\u010dnost Cell Instruments nab\u00edz\u00ed profesion\u00e1ln\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed zalo\u017een\u00e9 na osv\u011bd\u010den\u00e9m principu Elmendorfova kyvadla.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Mezi hlavn\u00ed funkce pat\u0159\u00ed:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0158\u00edzen\u00ed pomoc\u00ed PLC s intuitivn\u00edm dotykov\u00fdm displejem HMI<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 pneumatick\u00e9 up\u00edn\u00e1n\u00ed vzork\u016f pro spolehliv\u00e9 uchopen\u00ed<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Automatick\u00e9 uvoln\u011bn\u00ed kyvadla pro minimalizaci vlivu obsluhy<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Kapacity v\u00edcen\u00e1sobn\u00e9ho kyvadla: 200, 400, 800, 1600, 3200 a 6400 gf<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Integrovan\u00e9 kalibra\u010dn\u00ed z\u00e1va\u017e\u00ed pro rutinn\u00ed ov\u011b\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159esnosti<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Automatick\u00e9 statistick\u00e9 v\u00fdpo\u010dty<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Voliteln\u00e1 komunikace p\u0159es rozhran\u00ed RS-232 a mikrotisk\u00e1rna<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Voliteln\u00fd software<\/strong> pro pokro\u010dilou anal\u00fdzu dat a tvorbu report\u016f<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>V\u00fdstupn\u00ed jednotky specifick\u00e9 pro dan\u00fd typ pap\u00edru<\/strong>, v\u010detn\u011b mN a indexu trh\u00e1n\u00ed, je-li to relevantn\u00ed<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Krom\u011b standardn\u00edch m\u011b\u0159ic\u00edch p\u0159\u00edstroj\u016f nab\u00edz\u00ed spole\u010dnost Cell Instruments tak\u00e9 up\u00ednac\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpravky na m\u00edru, automatizovan\u00e9 testovac\u00ed syst\u00e9my a \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed pro zkou\u0161en\u00ed materi\u00e1l\u016f p\u0159izp\u016fsoben\u00e1 konkr\u00e9tn\u00edm pot\u0159eb\u00e1m, kter\u00e1 spl\u0148uj\u00ed specifick\u00e9 po\u017eadavky laborato\u0159\u00ed i v\u00fdroby.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Osv\u011bd\u010den\u00e9 postupy pro spolehliv\u00e9 testov\u00e1n\u00ed podle normy ISO 1974<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Za \u00fa\u010delem zlep\u0161en\u00ed opakovatelnosti a sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed variability v\u00fdsledk\u016f test\u016f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Vzorky p\u0159ipravte za standardn\u00edch laboratorn\u00edch podm\u00ednek.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Prove\u010fte zkou\u0161ku jak v pod\u00e9ln\u00e9m sm\u011bru (MD), tak v p\u0159\u00ed\u010dn\u00e9m sm\u011bru (CD).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pou\u017e\u00edvejte ostr\u00e9 n\u00e1stroje na \u0159ez\u00e1n\u00ed vzork\u016f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pravideln\u011b kontrolujte kalibraci kyvadla.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Vyhn\u011bte se po\u0161kozen\u00fdm nebo zma\u010dkan\u00fdm vzork\u016fm.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pro zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed statistick\u00e9 spolehlivosti prove\u010fte dostate\u010dn\u00fd po\u010det opakovan\u00fdch test\u016f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Udr\u017eujte st\u00e1l\u00fd up\u00ednac\u00ed tlak.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Zaznamenejte podm\u00ednky prost\u0159ed\u00ed b\u011bhem testov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dodr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed t\u011bchto postup\u016f pom\u00e1h\u00e1 laborato\u0159\u00edm dosahovat spolehliv\u00fdch v\u00fdsledk\u016f, kter\u00e9 lze vyu\u017e\u00edt pro kontrolu kvality, kvalifikaci dodavatel\u016f, v\u00fdvoj produkt\u016f a p\u0159\u00edpravu regula\u010dn\u00ed dokumentace.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.iso.org\/standard\/52430.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">ISO 1974<\/a><\/strong> z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edm standardem pro hodnocen\u00ed odolnosti pap\u00edru proti roztr\u017een\u00ed pomoc\u00ed osv\u011bd\u010den\u00e9 zku\u0161ebn\u00ed metody Elmendorf. D\u00edky m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed energie pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 k roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed ji\u017e vznikl\u00e9ho trhliny poskytuje tato norma smyslupln\u00fd p\u0159ehled o trvanlivosti pap\u00edrov\u00fdch v\u00fdrobk\u016f v oblastech balen\u00ed, tisku, zdravotnictv\u00ed a pr\u016fmyslu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V kombinaci s vysoce kvalitn\u00edm p\u0159\u00edstrojem pro zkou\u0161ku odolnosti proti roztr\u017een\u00ed typu Elmendorf, standardizovanou p\u0159\u00edpravou vzork\u016f a spr\u00e1vn\u00fdmi laboratorn\u00edmi postupy podporuj\u00ed zkou\u0161ky podle normy ISO 1974 spolehlivou kontrolu kvality, optimalizaci v\u00fdrobk\u016f, hodnocen\u00ed dodavatel\u016f a neust\u00e1l\u00e9 zlep\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed proces\u016f v cel\u00e9m odv\u011btv\u00ed v\u00fdroby a zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed pap\u00edru.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Paper products are expected to withstand handling, converting, transportation, and end-use without unexpected tearing. ISO 1974 provides the internationally recognized procedure for determining the tear resistance test of paper using the pendulum-based Elmendorf tear test method. The standard enables manufacturers, converters, laboratories, and quality assurance professionals to evaluate how easily a pre-cut sheet of paper [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"featured_media":1455,"parent":0,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false},"standard-category":[],"class_list":["post-1452","standard","type-standard","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.packtests.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/standard\/1452","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.packtests.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/standard"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.packtests.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/standard"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.packtests.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/standard\/1452\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1606,"href":"https:\/\/www.packtests.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/standard\/1452\/revisions\/1606"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.packtests.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1455"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.packtests.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1452"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"standard-category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.packtests.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/standard-category?post=1452"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}