{"id":1444,"date":"2026-07-23T07:28:24","date_gmt":"2026-07-23T07:28:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.packtests.com\/?post_type=standard&#038;p=1444"},"modified":"2026-07-23T07:28:25","modified_gmt":"2026-07-23T07:28:25","slug":"astm-d689","status":"publish","type":"standard","link":"https:\/\/www.packtests.com\/el\/standard\/astm-d689\/","title":{"rendered":"ASTM D689"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0397 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03af \u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2, \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ca\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03cd\u03ba\u03b1\u03bc\u03c0\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac. <strong>ASTM D689<\/strong> \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03bc\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c6\u03ce\u03bd \u03c6\u03cd\u03bb\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd, \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b9\u03c3\u03af\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2. \u0397 \u03bc\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd <strong>\u03a1\u03ae\u03be\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 Elmendorf<\/strong> \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03ae, \u03c3\u03cd\u03bc\u03c6\u03c9\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b1 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b5\u03ba\u03ba\u03c1\u03b5\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03ce\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03ce\u03c2 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c4\u03bc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c5\u03c0\u03cc \u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b8\u03ae\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0393\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c7\u03ac\u03c1\u03c4\u03b9\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2, \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03b2\u03ce\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1, \u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2, \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03af \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c4\u03c5\u03bb\u03af\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ca\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03af, \u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c7\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03af\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03bb\u03b7\u03c8\u03b7 \u03b2\u03bb\u03b1\u03b2\u03ce\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7, \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b7. \u039c\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03cc\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 <strong>\u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03bb\u03b1\u03c2<\/strong> \u03a4\u03b1 \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b2\u03bf\u03b7\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03cd\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2, \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b2\u03b5\u03bb\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ca\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u03a4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03cd\u03b3\u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03cc\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1, \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf Cell Instruments <strong>SLD-01 \u03a3\u03c5\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03ae \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf<\/strong> \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae \u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03ce\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf. \u03a3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1, \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03ad\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03ba\u03ba\u03c1\u03b5\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c8\u03b7\u03c6\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd, \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b7\u03b3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ce\u03bd \u03b2\u03b5\u03bb\u03c4\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03b7\u03c8\u03b9\u03bc\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03bb\u03ac\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u03a4\u03b9 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf \u03c3\u03cd\u03bc\u03c6\u03c9\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf ASTM D689;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>ASTM D689<\/strong> \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c1\u03c1\u03b7\u03be\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03ba\u03ba\u03c1\u03b5\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c3\u03c9\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c1\u03c1\u03b7\u03be\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf\u03b9\u03c9\u03bd \u03c6\u03cd\u03bb\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd. \u0397 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b5\u03af \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03ba\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c7\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c1\u03c1\u03b7\u03be\u03b7\u03c2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u03a3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae \u03b5\u03c6\u03b5\u03bb\u03ba\u03c5\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd, \u03b7 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03bb\u03ae\u03c1\u03b7 \u03b8\u03c1\u03b1\u03cd\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd, \u03b7 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c1\u03c1\u03b7\u03be\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c1\u03c9\u03b3\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2. \u0388\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b8\u03ad\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b5\u03bb\u03ba\u03c5\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c1\u03c1\u03b7\u03be\u03b7\u03c2, \u03b5\u03ac\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03bc\u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03b5\u03bb\u03b1\u03c4\u03c4\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1, \u03ba\u03bf\u03c8\u03af\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ae \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"600\" src=\"https:\/\/www.packtests.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/SLD-01-sld-elmendorf-tear-tester.webp\" alt=\"ASTM D689 SLD-01\" class=\"wp-image-1446\" style=\"width:267px;height:auto\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.packtests.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/SLD-01-sld-elmendorf-tear-tester.webp 600w, https:\/\/www.packtests.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/SLD-01-sld-elmendorf-tear-tester-300x300.webp 300w, https:\/\/www.packtests.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/SLD-01-sld-elmendorf-tear-tester-150x150.webp 150w, https:\/\/www.packtests.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/SLD-01-sld-elmendorf-tear-tester-12x12.webp 12w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0397 \u03bc\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2 ASTM D689 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03af\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ca\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03af \u03c5\u03c0\u03cc\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03bd\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc, \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u03a7\u03ac\u03c1\u03c4\u03b9\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c3\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c8\u03ce\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0392\u03b9\u03bf\u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03af \u03c3\u03ac\u03ba\u03bf\u03b9<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u03a7\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ac \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u03a5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0395\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03af<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u03a3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03ba\u03c5\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0395\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ac<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0397 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c4\u03bc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7, \u03c4\u03b1 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b1 \u03b2\u03bf\u03b7\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac, \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b2\u03b5\u03bb\u03c4\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c1\u03ae\u03be\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 Elmendorf<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u03a4\u03bf <strong>\u03a1\u03ae\u03be\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 Elmendorf<\/strong> \u0397 \u03bc\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c0\u03c4\u03cd\u03c7\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03ae \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03ae\u03b3\u03b1\u03b3\u03b5 \u03bf Armin Elmendorf \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b5\u03ba\u03b1\u03b5\u03c4\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 1930. \u0395\u03be\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03ad\u03c9\u03c2 \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03c9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03cc\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03cc\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0397 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03ae \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03ba\u03ba\u03c1\u03b5\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae \u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1. \u0388\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf \u03c3\u03b9\u03b1\u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf-\u03ba\u03bf\u03bc\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1. \u038c\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf \u03b5\u03ba\u03ba\u03c1\u03b5\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03c9\u03b8\u03b5\u03af, \u03c3\u03c7\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c1\u03ae\u03be\u03b7\u03c2:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u03a4\u03bf \u03b5\u03ba\u03ba\u03c1\u03b5\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c7\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0397 \u03b1\u03c0\u03ce\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b9\u03c3\u03af\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u03a4\u03bf \u03cc\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u03a4\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b5\u03ba\u03c6\u03c1\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ae\u03b8\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c9\u03c2:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>mN (\u03bc\u03b9\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03b5\u03cd\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>gf (\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc-\u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0394\u03b5\u03af\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ae (\u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b1 \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u039f\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c7\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c7\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9, \u03ba\u03ac\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b2\u03bb\u03ac\u03b2\u03b5\u03c2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0393\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03af \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c7\u03ac\u03c1\u03c4\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u039f\u03b9 \u03c7\u03ac\u03c1\u03c4\u03b9\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03af\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bb\u03ae\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2, \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac\u03c2, \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03af\u03b2\u03b1\u03be\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03c9\u03c4\u03ae. \u0397 \u03c7\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bb\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c7\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03be\u03b1\u03c6\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03af\u03b5\u03c2, \u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03bc\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd \u03c6\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03ae.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A <strong>\u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03bb\u03b1\u03c2<\/strong> \u03a4\u03b1 \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b2\u03bf\u03b7\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u039f\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b9\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd, \u03b2\u03ac\u03c1\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03ac\u03b4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c6\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2, \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae\u03c2. \u0397 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u03a7\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03af Kraft<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0391\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03c5\u03ba\u03bb\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03af<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u03a7\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03af \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u03a0\u03bf\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03af<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0391\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03af\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u039f\u03b9 \u03c7\u03ac\u03c1\u03c4\u03b9\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u03a6\u03cc\u03c1\u03c4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b2\u03ac\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0391\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ce\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0396\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03ac \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ac\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u03a4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03ac\u03bc\u03c8\u03b7\u03c2<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u03a0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u03a4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c7\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0392\u03b5\u03bb\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0391\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u03a3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b9\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0392\u03b1\u03b8\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03cd\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u03a0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u03a3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b8\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u03a3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b8\u03ae\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2 \u03be\u03ae\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03cd\u03c9\u03bd. \u039f\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae\u03c2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">ASTM D689: \u0391\u03c1\u03c7\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u039c\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf \u03c3\u03cd\u03bc\u03c6\u03c9\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf ASTM D689 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. \u03a0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u03a4\u03bf \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03bc\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03cd\u03bc\u03c6\u03c9\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2. \u03a3\u03c4\u03bf \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae, \u03ce\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03bf \u03b5\u03ba\u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c1\u03ae\u03be\u03b7\u03c2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0397 \u03c3\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b6\u03c9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03ce\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03c5\u03bc\u03ac\u03bd\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0391\u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03b2\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03ae\u03c2<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0394\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u03a3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b8\u03ae\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. \u03a3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03ad\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u03a4\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03ac \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c6\u03b9\u03b3\u03ba\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bf\u03c1\u03b3\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0397 \u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03b9\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03b7 \u03c0\u03af\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03cd\u03c3\u03c6\u03b9\u03be\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03ce\u03c2 \u03b7 \u03ac\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03cd\u03c3\u03c6\u03b9\u03be\u03b7 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. \u0391\u03c0\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03ad\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03ba\u03ba\u03c1\u03b5\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u03a4\u03bf \u03b5\u03ba\u03ba\u03c1\u03b5\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b8\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7. \u039a\u03b1\u03b8\u03ce\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03cd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9, \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03cd\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03bd \u03c3\u03c7\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03bc\u03ae\u03ba\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u03a4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03ad\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03be\u03ac\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c8\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b2\u03b5\u03bb\u03c4\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03b7\u03c8\u03b9\u03bc\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. \u039c\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u039f \u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03ba\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c1\u03c1\u03b7\u03be\u03b7. \u0397 \u03b1\u03c0\u03ce\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03b8\u03bc\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c1\u03c1\u03b7\u03be\u03b7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. \u0395\u03c0\u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u03a3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ae\u03b8\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1, \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03cc\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u039f \u03c3\u03cd\u03b3\u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b5\u03be\u03bf\u03c0\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ce\u03bd \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u039c\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c7\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u039c\u03ad\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bb\u03ac\u03c7\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u03a4\u03c5\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0391\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03c5\u03c7\u03af\u03b1\u03c2\/\u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03c5\u03c7\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03b9 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2 ASTM D689 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0397 \u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03b2\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ce\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>\u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2<\/th><th>\u0395\u03c0\u03af\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>\u03a0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd<\/td><td>\u0395\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c5\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b9\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0394\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2<\/td><td>\u0395\u03be\u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03b9\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b9\u03c3\u03af\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u03a0\u03bf\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03ae\u03c2<\/td><td>\u039a\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03b2\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c1\u03ae\u03be\u03b7\u03c2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u03a7\u03c9\u03c1\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03ba\u03ba\u03c1\u03b5\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2<\/td><td>\u03a0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf \u03b5\u03cd\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b9\u03c3\u03af\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u03a0\u03af\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03cd\u03c3\u03c6\u03b9\u03be\u03b7\u03c2<\/td><td>\u0391\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bf\u03bb\u03af\u03c3\u03b8\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u03a0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ce\u03bd<\/td><td>\u039c\u03b5\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bb\u03b7\u03c4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u039c\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ae\u03b8\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b2\u03b5\u03bb\u03c4\u03b9\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c6\u03b8\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2. \u03a9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf, \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0393\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u03a4\u03bf \u03b5\u03bb\u03b1\u03c6\u03c1\u03cd \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03af \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c7\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf, \u03ce\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03af\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b5\u03cd\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03b1.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u039f\u03b9 \u03c3\u03ac\u03ba\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd \u03b2\u03b1\u03c1\u03ad\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b9\u03c3\u03ae, \u03ce\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03c4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u03a4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ac \u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03b9\u03c3\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b5\u03bb\u03ba\u03c5\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u03a4\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf ASTM D689 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03cd\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03b1 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ce\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u039f\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03b9 \u03ba\u03bb\u03ac\u03b4\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c7\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf, \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>\u03a0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf<\/th><th>\u039a\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae<\/th><th>\u0391\u03c1\u03c7\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>ASTM D689<\/td><td>\u03a7\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03af \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9<\/td><td>\u0391\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b5\u03ba\u03ba\u03c1\u03b5\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>ASTM D1922<\/td><td>\u03a0\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03c1\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03ac \u03c6\u03cd\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1<\/td><td>\u0394\u03b9\u03ac\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c1\u03c9\u03b3\u03bc\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac Elmendorf<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>ISO 6383-1<\/td><td>\u03a0\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03c1\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2<\/td><td>\u039c\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c1\u03c1\u03b7\u03be\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\/Elmendorf<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>ASTM D1424<\/td><td>\u03a5\u03c6\u03ac\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1<\/td><td>\u0394\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac Elmendorf<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u039c\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03b9 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 TAPPI<\/td><td>\u0392\u03b9\u03bf\u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b1 \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd<\/td><td>\u0391\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c7\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0391\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ac \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03ba\u03ba\u03c1\u03b5\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2, \u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd, \u03bf\u03b9 \u03bc\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0397 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ce\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03c4\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03b2\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0395\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ce\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0388\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03b3\u03b5\u03bb\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 <strong>\u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03ae \u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd<\/strong> \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03ad\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae\u03c2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0392\u03b9\u03bf\u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b1 \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u039f\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u03a7\u03ac\u03c1\u03c4\u03b9\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c8\u03ce\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u03a3\u03ac\u03ba\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c4\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u03a7\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ac \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03af\u03bc\u03c9\u03bd<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u03a3\u03ac\u03ba\u03bf\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac\u03c2<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u03a5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03ba\u03c5\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u039f\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c4\u03bc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03ac\u03b8\u03b9\u03ba\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u03a3\u03c5\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03af\u03bc\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u03a3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03af, \u03c4\u03bf \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03af \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03ac \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c6\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd. \u039f\u03b9 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf \u03b2\u03bf\u03b7\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c0\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf\u03bd \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03ba\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u03a3\u03c5\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ca\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u03a3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u03a3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0399\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b8\u03ae\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u03a0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ba\u03ae \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc\u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03ae \u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u03a5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b5\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u039f\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ac \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ae, \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c6\u03b5\u03cd\u03b3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c9\u03c1\u03b7 \u03c6\u03b8\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u03a5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf \u03c3\u03cd\u03bc\u03c6\u03c9\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf ASTM D689<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/store.astm.org\/d0689-17r24.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">ASTM D689<\/a>\u0397 \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03af, \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u03a7\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03af Kraft<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u03a7\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03af \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u03a7\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03af \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u03a7\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0391\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03c5\u03ba\u03bb\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03af<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u03a7\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03af \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u03a7\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03af \u03c6\u03af\u03bb\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0395\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03ac\u03c1\u03b8\u03c1\u03b1<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0397 \u03bc\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03b7\u03b8\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c5\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd \u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ca\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03b3\u03b5\u03bb\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0388\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03cc\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.packtests.com\/el\/product\/elmendorf-tearing-tester\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03ae \u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd<\/a><\/strong> \u03b8\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0391\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03ba\u03ba\u03c1\u03b5\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u03a3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03ae \u03c3\u03cd\u03c3\u03c6\u03b9\u03be\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0395\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b7 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c1\u03be\u03b7 \u03c1\u03ae\u03be\u03b7\u03c2<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0395\u03cd\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03b7 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bb\u03ae\u03b8\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b2\u03b1\u03b8\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0394\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0393\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03cd\u03ba\u03b1\u03bc\u03c0\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac, \u03b7 \u03b5\u03c5\u03b5\u03bb\u03b9\u03be\u03af\u03b1 \u03cc\u03c3\u03bf\u03bd \u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03ba\u03ba\u03c1\u03b5\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Cell Instruments SLD-01: \u039c\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03ae \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03cd\u03bc\u03c6\u03c9\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf ASTM D689<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u03a4\u03bf Cell Instruments <strong>SLD-01 \u03a3\u03c5\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03ae \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf<\/strong> \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd, \u03bc\u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd, \u03c5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03cd\u03ba\u03b1\u03bc\u03c0\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd, \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b9\u03c3\u03af\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b5\u03ba\u03ba\u03c1\u03b5\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u03a4\u03bf \u03cc\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c0\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ce\u03bd \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0388\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9 PLC \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9 \u03bf\u03b8\u03cc\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c6\u03ae\u03c2<\/strong> \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03ae \u03c1\u03cd\u03b8\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u03a0\u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c3\u03cd\u03c3\u03c6\u03b9\u03be\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd<\/strong> \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03ae \u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03ac\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03ad\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03ba\u03ba\u03c1\u03b5\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2<\/strong> \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bb\u03b1\u03c7\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03b7 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0388\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd \u03b2\u03b1\u03b8\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2<\/strong> \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03b2\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2<\/strong> \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u03a0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b7\u03b3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u03a4\u03bf SLD-01 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03ba\u03ba\u03c1\u03b5\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>\u03a7\u03c9\u03c1\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03ba\u03ba\u03c1\u03b5\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2<\/th><th>\u0395\u03cd\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ce\u03bd<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>200 gf<\/td><td>\u03a5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c7\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bb\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c4\u03bc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>400 gf<\/td><td>\u0395\u03bb\u03b1\u03c6\u03c1\u03b9\u03ac \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03c1\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>800 gf<\/td><td>\u0393\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>1600 gf<\/td><td>\u03a5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>3200 gf<\/td><td>\u03a0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ca\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03af<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>6400 gf<\/td><td>\u0395\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c1\u03ad\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03ae\u03c8\u03b9\u03bc\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf, \u03c4\u03bf SLD-01 \u03b2\u03bf\u03b7\u03b8\u03ac \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c5\u03c0\u03b1\u03b8\u03ae \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac, \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b2\u03b5\u03bb\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b2\u03b5\u03bb\u03c4\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae\u03c2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u039f\u03c6\u03ad\u03bb\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ce\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0397 \u03c4\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ce\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b5\u03bf\u03bd\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u039c\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0397 \u03ad\u03b3\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03ce\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03c5\u03c0\u03b1\u03b8\u03ce\u03bd \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03bb\u03b7\u03c8\u03b7 \u03b6\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0392\u03b5\u03bb\u03c4\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03b3\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ca\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u039f\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03c5\u03bc\u03ac\u03bd\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bf\u03c6\u03b5\u03af\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0391\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03cd\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u03a0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u03a0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b8\u03ae\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0391\u03bd\u03ac\u03c0\u03c4\u03c5\u03be\u03b7 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u039f\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03af \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b8\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2, \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03cd\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03c5\u03bc\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae \u03b9\u03c3\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03af\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2, \u03b5\u03c5\u03ba\u03b1\u03bc\u03c8\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u039d\u03b1 \u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03bb\u03b1\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03bb\u03ac\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u03a4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03cc\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c4\u03bc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03b7\u03b8\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd, \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c3\u03c9\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c4\u03b5\u03ba\u03bc\u03b7\u03c1\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03bc\u03cc\u03c1\u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Material durability is a critical quality factor in packaging, paper products, and flexible materials. ASTM D689 is a recognized test method used to evaluate the tear resistance of paper and related sheet materials by measuring the force required to propagate an existing tear. The method is based on the Elmendorf tear principle, where a pendulum [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"featured_media":1446,"parent":0,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false},"standard-category":[],"class_list":["post-1444","standard","type-standard","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.packtests.com\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/standard\/1444","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.packtests.com\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/standard"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.packtests.com\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/standard"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.packtests.com\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/standard\/1444\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1604,"href":"https:\/\/www.packtests.com\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/standard\/1444\/revisions\/1604"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.packtests.com\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1446"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.packtests.com\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1444"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"standard-category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.packtests.com\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/standard-category?post=1444"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}