{"id":1444,"date":"2026-07-23T07:28:24","date_gmt":"2026-07-23T07:28:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.packtests.com\/?post_type=standard&#038;p=1444"},"modified":"2026-07-23T07:28:25","modified_gmt":"2026-07-23T07:28:25","slug":"astm-d689","status":"publish","type":"standard","link":"https:\/\/www.packtests.com\/sk\/standard\/astm-d689\/","title":{"rendered":"ASTM D689"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trvanlivos\u0165 materi\u00e1lu je k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fdm faktorom kvality v oblasti obalov, papierensk\u00fdch v\u00fdrobkov a flexibiln\u00fdch materi\u00e1lov. <strong>ASTM D689<\/strong> je uzn\u00e1van\u00e1 sk\u00fa\u0161obn\u00e1 met\u00f3da pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e1 na hodnotenie odolnosti papiera a podobn\u00fdch plo\u0161n\u00fdch materi\u00e1lov proti roztrhnutiu meran\u00edm sily potrebnej na roz\u0161\u00edrenie existuj\u00faceho roztrhnutia. Met\u00f3da je zalo\u017een\u00e1 na <strong>Elmendorfov trh<\/strong> princ\u00edp, pri ktorom mechanizmus s kyvadlom meria stratu energie v priebehu roztrhnutia vzorky za kontrolovan\u00fdch podmienok.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pre v\u00fdrobcov papierov\u00fdch ta\u0161iek, kart\u00f3nov, etikiet, baliacich papierov a priemyseln\u00fdch papierov\u00fdch v\u00fdrobkov je pochopenie odolnosti proti pretrhnutiu k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e9 pre zabr\u00e1nenie po\u0161kodeniu materi\u00e1lu po\u010das spracovania, prepravy a kone\u010dn\u00e9ho pou\u017eitia. Spo\u013eahliv\u00fd <strong>sk\u00fa\u0161ka odolnosti papierov\u00e9ho vrecka proti roztrhnutiu<\/strong> Inform\u00e1cie o materi\u00e1loch pom\u00e1haj\u00fa in\u017einierom vybera\u0165 vhodn\u00e9 suroviny, optimalizova\u0165 v\u00fdrobn\u00e9 procesy a zabezpe\u010di\u0165 st\u00e1lu kvalitu v\u00fdrobkov.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V modern\u00fdch laborat\u00f3ri\u00e1ch sa pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa \u0161pecializovan\u00e9 pr\u00edstroje, ako napr\u00edklad Cell Instruments <strong>SLD-01 Pr\u00edstroj na sk\u00fa\u0161anie odolnosti proti pretrhnutiu<\/strong> na vykon\u00e1vanie presn\u00fdch meran\u00ed odolnosti proti pretrhnutiu. V\u010faka kombin\u00e1cii automatick\u00e9ho prev\u00e1dzky, riaden\u00e9ho uvo\u013enenia kyvadla a digit\u00e1lnej anal\u00fdzy \u00fadajov pokro\u010dil\u00e9 testovacie syst\u00e9my zvy\u0161uj\u00fa opakovate\u013enos\u0165 a sp\u013a\u0148aj\u00fa po\u017eiadavky na kontrolu kvality v r\u00f4znych odvetviach.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u010co je sk\u00fa\u0161ka odolnosti proti pretrhnutiu pod\u013ea normy ASTM D689?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>ASTM D689<\/strong> opisuje met\u00f3du sk\u00fa\u0161ky odolnosti proti roztrhnutiu typu kyvadla, ur\u010den\u00fa na stanovenie vn\u00fatornej odolnosti papiera a podobn\u00fdch plo\u0161n\u00fdch materi\u00e1lov proti roztrhnutiu. Sk\u00fa\u0161kou sa hodnot\u00ed schopnos\u0165 vzorky odol\u00e1va\u0165 pokra\u010dovaniu existuj\u00faceho narezania, ke\u010f je vystaven\u00e1 sile sp\u00f4sobuj\u00facej roztrhnutie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Na rozdiel od sk\u00fa\u0161ky \u0165ahom, pri ktorej sa meria sila potrebn\u00e1 na \u00fapln\u00e9 zlomenie materi\u00e1lu, sa sk\u00fa\u0161ka odolnosti proti roztrhnutiu zameriava na spr\u00e1vanie materi\u00e1lu pri \u0161\u00edren\u00ed trhl\u00edn. Materi\u00e1l m\u00f4\u017ee ma\u0165 dostato\u010dn\u00fa pevnos\u0165 v \u0165ahu, ale napriek tomu m\u00f4\u017ee vykazova\u0165 zl\u00e9 vlastnosti pri odolnosti proti roztrhnutiu, ak sa po\u010das pou\u017e\u00edvania vyskytn\u00fa vady, z\u00e1rezy alebo koncentr\u00e1cie nap\u00e4tia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"600\" src=\"https:\/\/www.packtests.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/SLD-01-sld-elmendorf-tear-tester.webp\" alt=\"ASTM D689 SLD-01\" class=\"wp-image-1446\" style=\"width:267px;height:auto\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.packtests.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/SLD-01-sld-elmendorf-tear-tester.webp 600w, https:\/\/www.packtests.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/SLD-01-sld-elmendorf-tear-tester-300x300.webp 300w, https:\/\/www.packtests.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/SLD-01-sld-elmendorf-tear-tester-150x150.webp 150w, https:\/\/www.packtests.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/SLD-01-sld-elmendorf-tear-tester-12x12.webp 12w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Met\u00f3da ASTM D689 je obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e1 pre aplik\u00e1cie, pri ktor\u00fdch s\u00fa papierov\u00e9 v\u00fdrobky vystaven\u00e9 nam\u00e1haniu pri manipul\u00e1cii, medzi ktor\u00e9 patria:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Papierov\u00e9 n\u00e1kupn\u00e9 ta\u0161ky<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Priemyseln\u00e9 vrecia<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Baliace papiere<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Obalov\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Papierov\u00e9 \u0161t\u00edtky<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Komponenty z vlnitej lepenky<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0160peci\u00e1lne papiere<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u00e1to sk\u00fa\u0161ka poskytuje kvantitat\u00edvne \u00fadaje o odolnosti proti roztrhnutiu, ktor\u00e9 pom\u00e1haj\u00fa v\u00fdrobcom porovn\u00e1va\u0165 materi\u00e1ly, sledova\u0165 konzistentnos\u0165 v\u00fdroby a zvy\u0161ova\u0165 spo\u013eahlivos\u0165 obalov.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Porozumenie Elmendorfovmu princ\u00edpu trhania<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Str\u00e1nka <strong>Elmendorfov trh<\/strong> T\u00e1to met\u00f3da bola vyvinut\u00e1 na z\u00e1klade princ\u00edpu, ktor\u00fd v 30. rokoch 20. storo\u010dia zaviedol Armin Elmendorf. V\u010faka svojej jednoduchej mechanickej kon\u0161trukcii a spo\u013eahliv\u00e9mu meraciemu postupu sa na\u010falej \u0161iroko pou\u017e\u00edva.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Z\u00e1kladn\u00fd princ\u00edp spo\u010d\u00edva v pou\u017eit\u00ed kyvadla so zn\u00e1mou energetickou kapacitou. Pripraven\u00e1 vzorka sa upne medzi dve \u010de\u013euste a vo vzorke sa vytvor\u00ed vopred narezan\u00e1 \u0161trbina. Ke\u010f sa kyvadlo uvo\u013en\u00ed, pretrhne vzorku na vopred stanoven\u00fa vzdialenos\u0165.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Po\u010das trhania:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Kyvadlo str\u00e1ca potenci\u00e1lnu energiu.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Strata energie zodpoved\u00e1 pr\u00e1ci potrebnej na roz\u0161\u00edrenie trhliny.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pr\u00edstroj t\u00fato energiu prev\u00e1dza na hodnotu odolnosti proti pretrhnutiu.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u00fdsledok sa zvy\u010dajne vyjadruje takto:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>mN (milinewtony)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>gf (gram-sila)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Index trhania (pre pou\u017eitie v papierenskom priemysle)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Vy\u0161\u0161ie hodnoty odolnosti proti pretrhnutiu nazna\u010duj\u00fa, \u017ee na \u010fal\u0161ie pretrhnutie materi\u00e1lu je potrebn\u00e1 v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ia energia, \u010do vo v\u0161eobecnosti znamen\u00e1 lep\u0161iu odolnos\u0165 vo\u010di mechanick\u00e9mu po\u0161kodeniu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Pre\u010do vykon\u00e1va\u0165 sk\u00fa\u0161ku odolnosti materi\u00e1lov na v\u00fdrobu papierov\u00fdch ta\u0161iek proti roztrhnutiu?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Papierov\u00e9 vreck\u00e1 s\u00fa po\u010das plnenia, prepravy, stohovania a manipul\u00e1cie zo strany spotrebite\u013eov vystaven\u00e9 r\u00f4znym sil\u00e1m. N\u00edzka odolnos\u0165 proti pretrhnutiu m\u00f4\u017ee sp\u00f4sobi\u0165 n\u00e1hle po\u0161kodenie, aj ke\u010f sa celkov\u00e1 pevnos\u0165 papiera jav\u00ed ako prijate\u013en\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A <strong>sk\u00fa\u0161ka odolnosti papierov\u00e9ho vrecka proti roztrhnutiu<\/strong> Tieto materi\u00e1ly pom\u00e1haj\u00fa v\u00fdrobcom pos\u00fadi\u0165:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">V\u00fdber materi\u00e1lu<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">R\u00f4zne druhy papiera sa l\u00ed\u0161ia \u0161trukt\u00farou vl\u00e1kien, gram\u00e1\u017eou, povrchovou \u00fapravou a v\u00fdrobn\u00fdmi postupmi. Sk\u00fa\u0161ka odolnosti proti pretrhnutiu umo\u017e\u0148uje in\u017einierom porovna\u0165:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Kraftov\u00fd papier<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Recyklovan\u00fd papier<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Povlakovan\u00fd papier<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Viacvrstvov\u00e9 papierov\u00e9 kon\u0161trukcie<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">a vybra\u0165 materi\u00e1ly vhodn\u00e9 pre konkr\u00e9tne pou\u017eitie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Spo\u013eahlivos\u0165 obalov<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Papierov\u00e9 ta\u0161ky musia vydr\u017ea\u0165:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Za\u0165a\u017eenie hmotnos\u0165ou<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Rie\u0161enie n\u00e1sledkov<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Po\u0161kodenie hr\u00e1n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Sklopn\u00e9 nam\u00e1hanie<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Zmeny \u017eivotn\u00e9ho prostredia<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00dadaje o odolnosti proti pretrhnutiu predstavuj\u00fa d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fd ukazovate\u013e trvanlivosti obalu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Optimaliz\u00e1cia procesov<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Zmeny v:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Zlo\u017eenie vl\u00e1kien<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Stupe\u0148 rafin\u00e1cie<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pr\u00edsady<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Recept\u00fary n\u00e1terov\u00fdch hm\u00f4t<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Podmienky su\u0161enia<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">m\u00f4\u017ee v\u00fdrazne ovplyvni\u0165 vlastnosti slznej tekutiny. Pravideln\u00e9 testovanie umo\u017e\u0148uje v\u00fdrobcom udr\u017eiava\u0165 stabiln\u00fa kvalitu v\u00fdroby.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">ASTM D689 \u2013 Princ\u00edp a postup sk\u00fa\u0161ania<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Typick\u00e1 sk\u00fa\u0161ka odolnosti proti pretrhnutiu pod\u013ea normy ASTM D689 pozost\u00e1va z viacer\u00fdch riaden\u00fdch krokov.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. Pr\u00edprava vzorky<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Vzorka papiera sa priprav\u00ed pod\u013ea po\u017eadovan\u00fdch rozmerov. Do vzorky sa vykon\u00e1 \u0161tandardizovan\u00fd po\u010diato\u010dn\u00fd rez, \u010d\u00edm sa vytvor\u00ed v\u00fdchodiskov\u00fd bod pre \u0161\u00edrenie trhl\u00edn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Spr\u00e1vna pr\u00edprava vzoriek je k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e1, preto\u017ee odch\u00fdlky v:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Presnos\u0165 rezania<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Rozmery vzorky<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Podmienky kondicionovania<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">m\u00f4\u017ee ovplyvni\u0165 v\u00fdsledky testov.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. Upevnenie vzorky<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pripraven\u00e1 vzorka je pevne upevnen\u00e1 medzi svorkami pr\u00edstroja.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Rovnomern\u00fd up\u00ednac\u00ed tlak je d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fd, preto\u017ee nerovnomern\u00e9 uchopenie m\u00f4\u017ee sp\u00f4sobi\u0165 chyby pri testovan\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. Uvo\u013enenie kyvadla<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kyvadlo sa uvo\u013en\u00ed z kontrolovanej po\u010diato\u010dnej polohy. Pri pohybe smerom nadol roz\u0161iruje existuj\u00facu trhlinu v sk\u00fa\u0161obnom kuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Syst\u00e9my automatick\u00e9ho uvo\u013e\u0148ovania pom\u00e1haj\u00fa eliminova\u0165 vplyv obsluhy a zlep\u0161uj\u00fa opakovate\u013enos\u0165.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. Meranie spotreby energie<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tester meria energiu spotrebovan\u00fa pri trhan\u00ed. Strata energie sa prev\u00e1dza na \u010d\u00edseln\u00fa hodnotu odolnosti proti roztrhnutiu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. Spracovanie \u00fadajov<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Na z\u00edskanie \u0161tatisticky spo\u013eahliv\u00fdch v\u00fdsledkov sa zvy\u010dajne testuje viacero vzoriek.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Modern\u00e9 testovacie zariadenia dok\u00e1\u017eu automaticky vypo\u010d\u00edta\u0165:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Priemern\u00e1 odolnos\u0165 proti pretrhnutiu<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Maxim\u00e1lne a minim\u00e1lne hodnoty<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0160tandardn\u00e1 odch\u00fdlka<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>V\u00fdsledky testu (\u00faspe\u0161n\u00fd\/ne\u00faspe\u0161n\u00fd)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Parametre sk\u00fa\u0161ky pod\u013ea normy ASTM D689 a interpret\u00e1cia v\u00fdsledkov<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Presnos\u0165 sk\u00fa\u0161ok odolnosti proti roztrhnutiu z\u00e1vis\u00ed od riadenia viacer\u00fdch d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fdch faktorov.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Testovac\u00ed parameter<\/th><th>Vplyv na v\u00fdsledky<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>\u00daprava vzoriek<\/td><td>Ovplyv\u0148uje obsah vlhkosti a spr\u00e1vanie vl\u00e1kien<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Rozmery vzorky<\/td><td>Zabezpe\u010duje rovnomern\u00e9 \u0161\u00edrenie trhl\u00edn<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Kvalita rezu<\/td><td>Ur\u010duje presnos\u0165 po\u010diato\u010dn\u00e9ho roztrhnutia<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Nosnos\u0165 kyvadla<\/td><td>Mus\u00ed zodpoveda\u0165 o\u010dak\u00e1van\u00e9mu rozsahu sily potrebnej na roztrhnutie<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Up\u00ednac\u00ed tlak<\/td><td>Zabra\u0148uje pos\u00favaniu vzorky<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Testovacie prostredie<\/td><td>Zni\u017euje variabilitu<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Vy\u0161\u0161ia hodnota odolnosti proti pretrhnutiu zvy\u010dajne znamen\u00e1 lep\u0161iu odolnos\u0165 vo\u010di po\u0161kodeniu. Prijate\u013en\u00e9 hodnoty v\u0161ak z\u00e1visia od kone\u010dn\u00e9ho pou\u017eitia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Napr\u00edklad:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u013dahk\u00fd baliaci papier m\u00f4\u017ee vy\u017eadova\u0165 stredn\u00fa odolnos\u0165 proti pretrhnutiu, aby sa dal \u013eahko otvori\u0165.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Papierov\u00e9 vrecia ur\u010den\u00e9 na \u0165a\u017ek\u00e9 za\u0165a\u017eenie musia ma\u0165 vysok\u00fa odolnos\u0165 proti pretrhnutiu, aby vydr\u017eali za\u0165a\u017eovacie sily.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0160peci\u00e1lne druhy papiera m\u00f4\u017eu vy\u017eadova\u0165 vyv\u00e1\u017een\u00fa odolnos\u0165 proti pretrhnutiu a pevnos\u0165 v \u0165ahu.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Norma ASTM D689 v porovnan\u00ed s in\u00fdmi normami na sk\u00fa\u0161anie odolnosti proti pretrhnutiu<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V r\u00f4znych odvetviach sa pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa r\u00f4zne met\u00f3dy merania odolnosti proti pretrhnutiu v z\u00e1vislosti od typu materi\u00e1lu a sp\u00f4sobu pou\u017eitia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>\u0160tandard<\/th><th>Hlavn\u00e1 aplik\u00e1cia<\/th><th>Princ\u00edp testu<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>ASTM D689<\/td><td>Papier a lepenka<\/td><td>Odolnos\u0165 proti roztrhnutiu pod\u013ea met\u00f3dy s kyvadlom<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>ASTM D1922<\/td><td>Plastov\u00e9 f\u00f3lie a tenk\u00e9 dosky<\/td><td>\u0160\u00edrenie trhl\u00edn v Elmendorfe<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>ISO 6383-1<\/td><td>Plastov\u00e9 f\u00f3lie<\/td><td>Met\u00f3dy trhania nohav\u00edc\/met\u00f3dy s\u00favisiace s Elmendorfom<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>ASTM D1424<\/td><td>Textiln\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly<\/td><td>Sk\u00fa\u0161ka odolnosti proti roztrhnutiu pod\u013ea Elmendorfa<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Met\u00f3dy ur\u010dovania odolnosti proti roztrhnutiu pod\u013ea TAPPI<\/td><td>Celul\u00f3zov\u00fd a papierensk\u00fd priemysel<\/td><td>Hodnotenie odolnosti papiera proti roztrhnutiu<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Hoci sa tieto normy zakladaj\u00fa na podobn\u00fdch princ\u00edpoch vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00facich kyvadlo, sp\u00f4sob pr\u00edpravy vzoriek, met\u00f3dy v\u00fdpo\u010dtu a po\u017eiadavky na vykazovanie sa m\u00f4\u017eu l\u00ed\u0161i\u0165.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u00fdber spr\u00e1vnej normy zaru\u010duje, \u017ee v\u00fdsledky sk\u00fa\u0161ok presne odr\u00e1\u017eaj\u00fa skuto\u010dn\u00fa v\u00fdkonnos\u0165 materi\u00e1lu v re\u00e1lnych podmienkach.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Vyu\u017eitie sk\u00fa\u0161ok pevnosti papiera v \u0165ahu<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Profesion\u00e1l <strong>pr\u00edstroj na meranie pevnosti papiera v \u0165ahu<\/strong> sa \u0161iroko pou\u017e\u00edva v laborat\u00f3ri\u00e1ch zabezpe\u010denia kvality a vo v\u00fdrobn\u00fdch zariadeniach.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Odvetvie papierov\u00fdch obalov<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Medzi oblasti pou\u017eitia patria:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Papierov\u00e9 ta\u0161ky na potraviny<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Vrecia na cement<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Papiery na balenie potrav\u00edn<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Prepravn\u00e9 vrecia<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Vlnit\u00fd obalov\u00fd materi\u00e1l<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u00fdrobcovia vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa \u00fadaje o odolnosti proti pretrhnutiu, aby zabezpe\u010dili, \u017ee obaly zostan\u00fa po\u010das prepravy nepo\u0161koden\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Obaly na potraviny a n\u00e1poje<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pri papierov\u00fdch obaloch sa \u010dasto kombinuje papier s povrchov\u00fdmi \u00fapravami alebo bari\u00e9rov\u00fdmi vrstvami. Sk\u00fa\u0161ka odolnosti proti pretrhnutiu pom\u00e1ha pos\u00fadi\u0165, \u010di si tieto kon\u0161trukcie zachov\u00e1vaj\u00fa mechanick\u00fa integritu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Farmaceutick\u00e9 a zdravotn\u00edcke obaly<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Papierov\u00e9 komponenty pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 v:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Syst\u00e9my steriln\u00e9ho balenia<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Lek\u00e1rske vreck\u00e1<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ochrann\u00e9 obaly<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">mus\u00ed zachov\u00e1va\u0165 dostato\u010dn\u00fa mechanick\u00fa pevnos\u0165 a z\u00e1rove\u0148 umo\u017e\u0148ova\u0165 bezpe\u010dn\u00fa manipul\u00e1ciu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Materi\u00e1ly na tla\u010d a etikety<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0160t\u00edtky a \u0161peci\u00e1lne papiere musia ma\u0165 kontrolovan\u00e9 vlastnosti odolnosti proti roztrhnutiu, aby sa zabr\u00e1nilo ich pred\u010dasn\u00e9mu po\u0161kodeniu po\u010das v\u00fdroby a pou\u017e\u00edvania.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Materi\u00e1ly vhodn\u00e9 na sk\u00fa\u0161ku odolnosti proti pretrhnutiu pod\u013ea normy ASTM D689<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/store.astm.org\/d0689-17r24.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">ASTM D689<\/a>Hodnotenie odolnosti proti roztrhnutiu na z\u00e1klade tejto met\u00f3dy mo\u017eno uplatni\u0165 na mnoh\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly s\u00favisiace s papierom, medzi ktor\u00e9 patria:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Kraftov\u00fd papier<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Povlakovan\u00fd papier<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Nepokryt\u00fd papier<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Kart\u00f3n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Recyklovan\u00fd papier<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Baliaci papier<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Filtra\u010dn\u00fd papier<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0160pecializovan\u00e9 odborn\u00e9 \u010dl\u00e1nky<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u00e1to met\u00f3da poskytuje cenn\u00e9 inform\u00e1cie tak pre dod\u00e1vate\u013eov surov\u00edn, ako aj pre v\u00fdrobcov hotov\u00fdch v\u00fdrobkov.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">V\u00fdber profesion\u00e1lneho pr\u00edstroja na meranie pevnosti papiera v \u0165ahu<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Spo\u013eahliv\u00fd <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.packtests.com\/sk\/product\/elmendorf-tearing-tester\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">pr\u00edstroj na meranie pevnosti papiera v \u0165ahu<\/a><\/strong> malo by zabezpe\u010di\u0165:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Presn\u00e9 meranie energie kyvadla<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pevn\u00e9 upnutie vzorky<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Opakovan\u00e9 spustenie trhliny<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Automatick\u00fd v\u00fdpo\u010det v\u00fdsledkov<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Jednoduch\u00e1 kontrola kalibr\u00e1cie<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Schopnos\u0165 zaznamen\u00e1va\u0165 \u00fadaje<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pre laborat\u00f3ri\u00e1, ktor\u00e9 testuj\u00fa r\u00f4zne druhy papiera a pru\u017en\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly, je d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e1 aj flexibilita v kapacite kyvadla.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Pr\u00edstroj na sk\u00fa\u0161anie odolnosti proti roztrhnutiu Cell Instruments SLD-01 pre aplik\u00e1cie pod\u013ea normy ASTM D689<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cell Instruments <strong>SLD-01 Pr\u00edstroj na sk\u00fa\u0161anie odolnosti proti pretrhnutiu<\/strong> je ur\u010den\u00fd na hodnotenie odolnosti proti roztrhnutiu papiera, f\u00f3li\u00ed, text\u00edli\u00ed a in\u00fdch pru\u017en\u00fdch materi\u00e1lov pomocou princ\u00edpu kyvadlov\u00e9ho roztrhnutia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tento pr\u00edstroj sp\u013a\u0148a po\u017eiadavky na laborat\u00f3rne testovanie prostredn\u00edctvom:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Riadenie pomocou PLC a ovl\u00e1danie prostredn\u00edctvom dotykovej obrazovky<\/strong> pre jednoduch\u00e9 nastavenie testu<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Pneumatick\u00e9 upnutie vzorky<\/strong> pre stabiln\u00fa pridr\u017eiavaciu silu<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Automatick\u00e9 uvo\u013enenie kyvadla<\/strong> s cie\u013eom minimalizova\u0165 vplyv obsluhy<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Overenie kalibra\u010dn\u00fdch z\u00e1va\u017e\u00ed<\/strong> na zachovanie presnosti merania<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Automatick\u00fd \u0161tatistick\u00fd v\u00fdpo\u010det<\/strong> na \u00fa\u010delov\u00fa kontrolu kvality<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Volite\u013en\u00fd softv\u00e9r pre pokro\u010dil\u00e9 vytv\u00e1ranie spr\u00e1v a anal\u00fdzu \u00fadajov<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Model SLD-01 podporuje viacero nosnost\u00ed kyvadla:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Kapacita kyvadla<\/th><th>Rozsah pou\u017eitia<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>200 gf<\/td><td>Materi\u00e1ly s n\u00edzkou odolnos\u0165ou proti roztrhnutiu<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>400 gf<\/td><td>\u013dahk\u00e9 papiere a f\u00f3lie<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>800 gf<\/td><td>V\u0161eobecn\u00e9 obalov\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>1600 gf<\/td><td>Materi\u00e1ly strednej pevnosti<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>3200 gf<\/td><td>Odoln\u00e9 papierov\u00e9 v\u00fdrobky<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>6400 gf<\/td><td>Aplik\u00e1cie s vysokou z\u00e1\u0165a\u017eou<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u010faka opakovate\u013en\u00fdm meraniam odolnosti proti pretrhnutiu pom\u00e1ha pr\u00edstroj SLD-01 laborat\u00f3ri\u00e1m identifikova\u0165 slab\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly, optimalizova\u0165 n\u00e1vrhy obalov a zlep\u0161i\u0165 konzistentnos\u0165 v\u00fdroby.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">V\u00fdhody zavedenia sk\u00fa\u0161ok odolnosti proti roztrhnutiu v r\u00e1mci kontroly kvality<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pravideln\u00e9 testovanie odolnosti proti roztrhnutiu prin\u00e1\u0161a viacero v\u00fdhod:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Zn\u00ed\u017eenie po\u010dtu por\u00fach materi\u00e1lu<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u010dasn\u00e1 identifik\u00e1cia krehk\u00fdch papierov\u00fdch materi\u00e1lov pom\u00e1ha predch\u00e1dza\u0165 po\u0161kodeniu obalov po\u010das prepravy a manipul\u00e1cie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Zlep\u0161i\u0165 konzistenciu v\u00fdrobkov<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Rutinn\u00e9 testovanie odha\u013euje odch\u00fdlky sp\u00f4soben\u00e9:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Zmeny v surovin\u00e1ch<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u00dapravy v\u00fdroby<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Podmienky prostredia<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">V\u00fdvoj podporn\u00fdch materi\u00e1lov<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In\u017einieri m\u00f4\u017eu porovn\u00e1va\u0165 r\u00f4zne zlo\u017eenia a kon\u0161trukcie, aby dosiahli po\u017eadovan\u00fa rovnov\u00e1hu medzi pevnos\u0165ou, pru\u017enos\u0165ou a n\u00e1kladmi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Splni\u0165 po\u017eiadavky z\u00e1kazn\u00edkov a odvetvia<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Spo\u013eahliv\u00e9 \u00fadaje o odolnosti proti pretrhnutiu sl\u00fa\u017eia ako podklad pre kvalifik\u00e1ciu dod\u00e1vate\u013eov, intern\u00e9 syst\u00e9my zabezpe\u010denia kvality a dokument\u00e1ciu o s\u00falade s predpismi.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Material durability is a critical quality factor in packaging, paper products, and flexible materials. ASTM D689 is a recognized test method used to evaluate the tear resistance of paper and related sheet materials by measuring the force required to propagate an existing tear. The method is based on the Elmendorf tear principle, where a pendulum [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"featured_media":1446,"parent":0,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false},"standard-category":[],"class_list":["post-1444","standard","type-standard","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.packtests.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/standard\/1444","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.packtests.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/standard"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.packtests.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/standard"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.packtests.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/standard\/1444\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1604,"href":"https:\/\/www.packtests.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/standard\/1444\/revisions\/1604"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.packtests.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1446"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.packtests.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1444"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"standard-category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.packtests.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/standard-category?post=1444"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}